Gita Chapter 17 – Sraddha Traya Vibhaga Yoga: This chapter explores the diverse categories of faith and how they transcend doubt and hesitation. Faith is not uniform; it evolves from one of the three modes of material nature (Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas). Actions performed with faith rooted in passion or ignorance yield only temporary material results. However, actions performed in the mode of goodness, aligned with scriptural wisdom, purify the heart and lead one to a state of pure faith and devotion to the Supreme Soul.
17:1 arjuna uvāca ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ teṣāṁ niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa sattvam āho rajas tamaḥ Arjuna asked: “O Kṛṣṇa, what is the state of those who perform worship with great faith, yet do not follow the specific injunctions of the scriptures? Is their faith rooted in Sattva (Goodness), Rajas (Passion), or Tamas (Ignorance)?”
17:2 śrī-bhagavān uvāca tri-vidhā bhavati śraddhā dehināṁ sā svabhāva-jā sāttvikī rājasī caiva tāmasī ceti tāṁ śṛṇu The Blessed Lord (Krishna) answered: “Based on a person’s inherent nature and their relationship with the material world, human faith is divided into three groups: Sāttvikī, Rājasī, and Tāmasī. Listen now to My explanation;”
17:3 sattvānurūpā sarvasya śraddhā bhavati bhārata śraddhā-mayo’yaṁ puruṣo yo yac-chraddhaḥ sa eva saḥ “O Arjuna, the faith of every individual is in harmony with their inner nature. Indeed, a human being is shaped by their faith; as their faith is, so they are.”
17:4 yajante sāttvikā devān yakṣa-rakṣāṁsi rājasāḥ pretān bhūta-gaṇāṁś cānye yajante tāmasā janāḥ “Those with a Sattva disposition worship the devas (honoring the forces of nature); those of a Rajas nature worship yakṣas and rakṣasas (valuing material gain and sensory pleasure above all); while those of a Tamas nature worship the spirits of the departed or even wandering ghosts (relying on blind belief, clinging to irrelevant teachings, and being reluctant to practice what is actually relevant).”
17:5 aśāstra-vihitaṁ ghoraṁ tapyante ye tapo janāḥ dambhāhaṅkāra-saṁyuktāḥ kāma-rāga-balānvitāḥ “Those who undergo extreme austerities not recommended by the scriptures; who are filled with hypocrisy and arrogance; and who are obsessed with worldly desires and driven by passion;”
17:6 karṣayantaḥ śarīra-sthaṁ bhūta-grāmam acetasaḥ māṁ caivāntaḥśarīra-sthaṁ tān viddhy āsura-niścayān “By suppressing that which is natural—given that the body is composed of natural elements—those foolish ones torture their own bodies and, in doing so, they also hurt Me who dwells within them. Such people possess a demoniac (āsurī) nature.”
17:7 āhāras tv api sarvasya tri-vidho bhavati priyaḥ yajñas tapas tathā dānaṁ teṣāṁ bhedam imaṁ śṛṇu “The food one prefers is also based on the inherent nature of these three groups of people. The same applies to their sacrifices, austerities, and charity. Listen now to the differences between them.”
17:8 āyuḥ-sattva-balārogya-sukha-prīti-vivardhanāḥ rasyāḥ snigdhāḥ sthirā hṛdyā āhārāḥ sāttvika-priyāḥ “Foods that promote longevity, virtue, strength, health, happiness, and satisfaction—those which are juicy, naturally fatty (healthy fats), nourishing (high in fiber), delicious, pleasing to the taste, and do not burden the digestive system—are preferred by those of a Sāttvika nature.”
17:9 kaṭv-amla-lavaṇāty-uṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rūkṣa-vidāhinaḥ āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ “Foods that are excessively bitter, sour, salty, pungent, overly spiced, dry, and burning to the body; which cause distress, sorrow, and disease; are preferred by those of a Rājasī nature.”
17:10 yātay-āmaṁ gata-rasaṁ pūti paryuṣitaṁ ca yat ucchiṣṭam api cāmedhyaṁ bhojanaṁ tāmasa-priyam “Food that is prepared unhygienically, undercooked (or raw), or is stale; tasteless, contaminated, and unclean; is the preference of those who are Tāmasī in nature.”
17:11 aphalākāṅkṣibhir yajño vidhidṛṣṭo ya ijyate yaṣṭavyam eveti manaḥ samādhāya sa sāttvikaḥ “Sacrifice performed with noble intent, without any expectation of reward, but solely because it is believed to be a good and righteous deed, is of a Sāttvika nature.”
17:12 abhisandhāya tu phalaṁ dambhārtham api caiva yat ijyate bharata-śreṣṭha taṁ yajñaṁ viddhi rājasam “O Arjuna, sacrifice performed for the sake of ostentation (show) or for the sake of a specific reward, is of a Rājasī nature.”
17:13 vidhi-hīnam asṛṣṭānnaṁ mantra-hīnam adakṣiṇam śraddhā-virahitaṁ yajñaṁ tāmasaṁ paricakṣate “Sacrifice that is not in accordance with scriptural guidance; performed without the sharing of food, without prayers or mantras, without honoring those who facilitate it, and without purity of heart or faith—is of a Tāmasī nature.”
17:14 deva-dvija-guru-prājña-pūjanaṁ śaucam ārjavam brahmacaryam ahiṁsā ca śārīraṁ tapa ucyate “Worshipping the devas (honoring and preserving nature that sustains life); respecting the wise (those striving for Soul-Consciousness), spiritual guides, elders, and the holy ones liberated from worldly attachments; maintaining self-purity, honesty, and nobility; practicing self-control and the creative cultivation of energy (brahmacarya); and practicing non-violence—all these constitute the ‘Austerity of the Body’.”
17:15 anudvega-karaṁ vākyaṁ satyaṁ priya-hitaṁ ca yat svādhyāyābhyasanaṁ caiva vāṅ-mayaṁ tapa ucyate “Speaking words that are useful, truthful, and trustworthy; words that are non-offensive, polite, and gentle; combined with the constant practice of self-introspection (before speaking)—this is known as the ‘Austerity of Speech’.”
Lanjut, Mas Yoga. Bagian ini melengkapi konsep Tritunggal Tapa (Badan, Ucapan, dan Pikiran) serta mulai membahas tentang etika berderma (Dana). Konsep “Tapa-Brata Pikiran” di ayat 17:16 adalah kunci dari kesehatan mental dalam perspektif Sains Spiritual.
Berikut terjemahan 17:16-21 untuk website Pujashanti:
17:16 manaḥ-prasādaḥ saumyatvaṁ maunam ātma-vinigrahaḥ bhāva-saṁśuddhir ity etat tapo mānasam ucyate “Serenity of mind, politeness, cheerfulness, refraining from useless talk; self-control, and purity of heart—all these are called the ‘Austerity of the Mind’.”
17:17 śraddhayā parayā taptaṁ tapas tat tri-vidhaṁ naraiḥ aphalākāṅkṣibhir yuktaiḥ sāttvikaṁ paricakṣate “Those who practice this threefold austerity (body, speech, and mind) with deep faith and without any expectation of material reward, are described as Sāttvika.”
17:18 satkāra-māna-pūjārthaṁ tapo dambhena caiva yat kriyate tad iha proktaṁ rājasaṁ calam adhruvam “Austerity performed for the sake of show, to gain recognition and praise, or for any other specific expectation or motive, is of a Rājasī nature; it is driven by passion, unstable, and its results are not lasting.”
17:19 mūḍha-grāheṇātmano yat pīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ parasyotsādanārthaṁ vā tat tāmasam udāhṛtam “Austerity performed with foolish intent, by means of self-torture, or with the aim of harming other beings, is of a Tāmasī nature.”
17:20 dātavyam iti yad dānaṁ dīyate’nupakāriṇe deśe kāle ca pātre ca tad dānaṁ sāttvikaṁ smṛtam “Charity given sincerely, without any expectation of return; at the right time and place; and to the right person who is worthy of receiving it—is known as Sāttvika.”
17:21 yat tu prattyupakārārthaṁ phalam uddiśya vā punaḥ dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṁ tad dānaṁ rājasaṁ smṛtam “Giving a gift or charity insincerely, with the goal of obtaining a return, or to gain recognition and the like, is of a Rājasī nature.”
17:22 adeśa-kāle yad dānam apātrebhyaś ca dīyate asat-kṛtam avajñātaṁ tat tāmasam udāhṛtam “Charity given without sincere intent, with resentment, at an improper time or place, and to an unworthy recipient, is of a Tāmasī nature.”
17:23 oṁ tat sad iti nirdeśo brahmaṇas tri-vidhaḥ smṛtaḥ brāhmaṇās tena vedāś ca yajñāś ca vihitāḥ purā “Oṁ Tat Sad is said to be the threefold attribute of Brahman, the Supreme Reality. From these syllables were ‘created’ the Brāhmaṇas (the wise ones), the Vedas (sacred knowledge), and all forms of Yajña (sacred sacrifices) in ancient times.”
17:24 tasmād oṁ ity udāhṛtya yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ pravartante vidhānoktāḥ satataṁ brahma-vādinām “Therefore, those who strive to reach Brahman, the Supreme Soul, always begin their spiritual practices—acts of sacrifice, charity, and austerity in accordance with Vedic injunctions—with the utterance of Oṁ.”
17:25 tad ity anabhisandhāya phalaṁ yajña-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ dāna-kriyāś ca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ “With the understanding that all belongs to Him (Tad), the wise seekers perform various acts of sacrifice, austerity, and charity without seeking material rewards, but solely for the sake of absolute liberation (Mokṣa).”
17:26 sad-bhāve sādhu-bhāve ca sad ity etat prayujyate praśaste karmaṇi tathā sac-chabdaḥ pārtha yujyate “The term ‘Sat’ is an expression of His Truth and Goodness. This word, O Arjuna, is used to describe noble and praiseworthy actions.”
17:27 yajñe tapasi dāne ca sthitiḥ sad iti cocyate karma caiva tad-arthīyaṁ sad ity evābhidhīyate “Steadfastness in acts of sacrifice, charity, and austerity is also called ‘Sat’; indeed, every action performed to reach the Supreme Truth is known as Sat.”
17:28 aśraddhayā hutaṁ dattaṁ tapas taptaṁ kṛtaṁ ca yat asad ity ucyate pārtha na ca tat pretya no iha “Any sacrifice offered, any charity given, any austerity practiced, or any deed performed—no matter how good it may seem—if done without faith in the ultimate goal of Absolute Liberation (Mokṣa) and the attainment of True Happiness (Ānanda), is called ‘Asat’ (untrue or improper). Thus, it is of no use either in this life or in the life hereafter.”
Thus ends the Seventeenth Discourse of the Gita, Chapter 17.
“May all beings be well, may all beings be at peace, may all beings attain perfection, and may all beings experience divine glory.”
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