Bhagavad Gita Chapter 8: Akṣara Brahma Yoga
The Yoga of the Eternal Godhead
Introduction: Gita Chapter 8 explores the nature of the ultimate reality and the importance of one’s final thoughts at the moment of death. Lord Kṛṣṇa explains the various terms of spiritual science and reveals that by constant meditation on the Divine, one can transcend the material world and attain His eternal abode.
Table of Contents
Chapter 8: Defining the Absolute (Gita 8:1-4)
8:1 — arjuna uvāca kiṁ tad brahma kim adhyātmaṁ kiṁ karma puruṣottama adhibhūtaṁ ca kiṁ proktam adhidaivaṁ kim ucyate
Arjuna asked: “O Supreme Person, what is Brahman? What is Adhyātma (the Self)? What is Karma (action)? What is called Adhibhūta (the material manifestation)? And who is said to be Adhidaiva (the divine underlying nature)?”
8:2 adhiyajñaḥ kathaṁ ko’tra dehe’smin madhusūdana prayāṇa-kāle ca kathaṁ jñeyo’si niyatātmabhiḥ
“O Madhusūdana, who is Adhiyajña (the Lord of Sacrifice) in this body, and how does He dwell here? And how can those of steadfast mind know You at the hour of death?”
8:3 — śrī-bhagavān uvāca akṣaraṁ brahma paramaṁ svabhāvo’dhyātmam ucyate bhūta-bhāvodbhava-karo visargaḥ karma-saṁjñitaḥ
The Blessed Lord said: “The Imperishable is the Supreme Brahman. Its essential nature is called Adhyātma. The creative force that causes the origin and development of all beings is known as Karma.”
8:4 adhibhūtaṁ kṣaro bhāvaḥ puruṣaś cādhidaivatam adhiyajño’ham evātra dehe deha-bhṛtāṁ vara
“The physical nature (Adhibhūta) is the perishable manifestation. The cosmic soul (Purusha) is the divine principle (Adhidaiva). And I alone, dwelling in this body, am the Lord of Sacrifice (Adhiyajña), O best of the embodied beings.”
Siap, Mas Yoga. Kita masuk ke Bagian 2 (Sloka 8:5 – 8:10). Bagian ini adalah salah satu bagian paling krusial dalam Bhagavad Gita karena menjelaskan hukum “Kesadaran Terakhir”—apa yang kita pikirkan di akhir hayat, itulah yang menentukan tujuan perjalanan jiwa kita selanjutnya.
Berikut draf terjemahan Inggrisnya untuk website Pujashanti:
Chapter 8: 5-10 The Secret of the Final Thought and Constant Meditation
8:5 anta-kāle ca mām eva smaran muktvā kalevaram yaḥ prayāti sa mad-bhāvaṁ yāti nāsty atra saṁśayaḥ
“And whoever, at the hour of death, leaves the body while remembering Me alone, attains My nature. Of this, there is no doubt.”
8:6 yaṁ yaṁ vāpi smaran bhāvaṁ tyajaty ante kalevaram taṁ tam evaiti kaunteya sadā tad-bhāva-bhāvitaḥ
“Whatever state of being one remembers when leaving the body, O Arjuna, that state alone they attain, being constantly absorbed in that thought.”
8:7 tasmāt sarveṣu kāleṣu mām anusmara yudhya ca mayy arpita-mano-buddhir mām evaiṣyasy asaṁśayaḥ
“Therefore, at all times, remember Me and fight (perform your duty). With your mind and intellect dedicated to Me, you will surely come to Me without a doubt.”
8:8 abhyāsa-yoga-yuktena cetasā nānya-gāminā paramaṁ puruṣaṁ divyaṁ yāti pārthānucintayan
“By practicing Yoga with a mind that does not wander after anything else, and by constantly meditating on the Supreme Divine Person, one reaches Him, O Arjuna.”
8:9 kaviṁ purāṇam anuśāsitāraṁ aṇor aṇīyāṁsam anusmared yaḥ sarvasya dhātāram acintya-rūpam āditya-varṇaṁ tamasaḥ parastāt
“One should meditate on the Supreme Being as the All-Knowing, the Most Ancient, the Controller, subtler than the subtlest, the Sustainer of everything, whose form is inconceivable, and who is as radiant as the sun beyond all darkness.”
8:10 prayāṇa-kāle manasācalena bhaktyā yukto yoga-balena caiva bhruvor madhye prāṇam āveśya samyak sa taṁ paraṁ puruṣaṁ upaiti divyam
“At the hour of death, with a steady mind, endowed with devotion and the power of Yoga, fixing the life-force (Prana) between the eyebrows, one attains that Supreme Divine Person.”
Siap, Mas Yoga. Kita lanjut ke Bagian 3 (Sloka 8:11 – 8:16). Bagian ini menjelaskan tentang suku kata suci OM sebagai gerbang menuju pembebasan dan perbedaan antara alam material yang penuh penderitaan dengan alam rohani yang kekal.
Berikut draf terjemahan Inggrisnya untuk website Pujashanti:
Chapter 8: 11-16 The Path of OM and the Eternal Abode
8:11 yad akṣaraṁ veda-vido vadanti viśanti yad yatayo vīta-rāgāḥ yad icchanto brahmacaryaṁ caranti tat te padaṁ saṅgraheṇa pravakṣye
“I shall briefly explain to you that goal which the knowers of the Vedas call the Imperishable, into which the ascetics free from passion enter, and for the sake of which they lead a life of self-control (Brahmacharya).”
8:12 sarva-dvārāṇi saṁyamya mano hṛdi nirudhya ca mūrdhny ādhāyātmanaḥ prāṇam āsthito yoga-dhāraṇām
“Closing all the gates of the body, confining the mind within the heart, and fixing the life-force (Prana) in the head, one becomes established in the practice of Yoga.”
8:13 oṁ ity ekākṣaraṁ brahma vyāharan mām anusmaran yaḥ prayāti tyajan dehaṁ sa yāti paramāṁ gatim
“Uttering the single syllable OM, which is the symbol of Brahman, and remembering Me while leaving the body—that person attains the Supreme Goal.”
8:14 ananya-cetāḥ satataṁ yo māṁ smarati nityaśaḥ tasyāhaṁ sulabhaḥ pārtha nitya-yuktasya yoginaḥ
“I am easily attainable, O Arjuna, by that ever-steadfast yogi who constantly remembers Me with an undivided mind and remains united with the Divine.”
8:15 mām upetya punar janma duḥkhālayam aśāśvatam nāpnuvanti mahātmānaḥ saṁsiddhiṁ paramāṁ gatāḥ
“Having attained Me, these great souls (Mahatmas) do not take birth again in this fleeting world of suffering, for they have reached the highest perfection.”
8:16 ā-brahma-bhuvanāl lokāḥ punar āvartino’rjuna mām upetya tu kaunteya punar janma na vidyate
“All worlds, from the highest realm of Brahma down to the lower realms, are subject to return, O Arjuna. But for those who attain Me, there is no rebirth.”
Siap, Mas Yoga. Kita lanjut ke Bagian 4 (Sloka 8:17 – 8:22). Bagian ini sangat menarik karena membahas tentang skala waktu kosmik (Siklus Brahma) dan bagaimana alam semesta ini muncul serta hancur secara berulang-ulang, namun ada satu realitas yang tetap kekal di atas segalanya.
Berikut draf terjemahan Inggrisnya untuk website Pujashanti:
Chapter 8: 17-22 The Cosmic Cycle of Time and the Unmanifest Reality
8:17 sahasra-yuga-paryantam ahar yad brahmaṇo viduḥ rātriṁ yuga-sahasrāntāṁ te’ho-rātra-vido janāḥ
“Those who know that a day of Brahma lasts for a thousand Yugas (ages), and that his night also lasts for a thousand ages—they are the true knowers of the passage of day and night.”
8:18 avyaktād vyaktayaḥ sarvāḥ prabhavanty ahar-āgame rātry-āgame pralīyante tatraivāvyakta-saṁjñake
“At the coming of Brahma’s day, all manifested beings proceed from the unmanifest (Avyakta). At the coming of his night, they all dissolve back into that same unmanifest state.”
8:19 bhūta-grāmaḥ sa evāyaṁ bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyate rātry-āgame’vaśaḥ pārtha prabhavaty ahar-āgame
“This same multitude of beings, taking birth again and again, is dissolved helplessly at the arrival of night, O Arjuna, and is manifested again at the arrival of day.”
8:20 paras tasmāt tu bhāvo’nyo’vyakto’vyaktāt sanātanaḥ yaḥ sa sarveṣu bhūteṣu naśyatsu na vinaśyati
“But beyond this unmanifested nature, there is another eternal Unmanifested Reality, which does not perish even when all beings perish.”
8:21 avyakto’kṣara ity uktas tam āhuḥ paramāṁ gatim yaṁ prāpya na nivartante tad dhāma paramaṁ mama
“That which is called the Unmanifest and the Imperishable is described as the Supreme Goal. Those who reach it never return to this world. That is My Supreme Abode.”
8:22 puruṣaḥ sa paraḥ pārtha bhaktyā labhyas tv ananyayā yasyāntaḥsthāni bhūtāni yena sarvam idaṁ tatam
“That Supreme Person, O Arjuna, in whom all beings dwell and by whom all this universe is pervaded, can be attained only through unswerving devotion (Bhakti).”
Siap, Mas Yoga. Ini adalah Bagian Penutup (Part 5) untuk Bhagavad Gita Bab 8. Bagian ini sangat menarik karena membahas tentang dua jalur waktu kematian yang menentukan apakah seseorang akan kembali berinkarnasi ke dunia ini atau mencapai pembebasan abadi.
Berikut draf terjemahan Inggrisnya untuk melengkapi artikel Pujashanti:
Chapter 8: 23-28 The Two Paths of Departure and the Fruit of Devotion
8:23 yatra kāle tv anāvṛttim āvṛttiṁ caiva yoginaḥ prayātā yānti taṁ kālaṁ vakṣyāmi bharatarṣabha
“I shall now tell you, O Arjuna, the times at which departing yogis do not return, and also the times at which they are destined to return to this world.”
8:24 agnir jyotir ahaḥ śuklaḥ ṣaṇ-māsā uttarāyaṇam tatra prayātā gacchanti brahma brahma-vido janāḥ
“Fire, light, daytime, the bright fortnight of the moon, and the six months of the northern path of the sun (Uttarayana) — departing at these times, the knowers of Brahman go to Brahman.”
8:25 dhūmo rātris tathā kṛṣṇaḥ ṣaṇ-māsā dakṣiṇāyanam tatra cāndramasaṁ jyotir yogī prāpya nivartate
“Smoke, night, the dark fortnight of the moon, and the six months of the southern path of the sun (Dakshinayana) — departing at these times, the yogi reaches the lunar light and is destined to return.”
8:26 śukla-kṛṣṇe gatī hy ete jagataḥ śāśvate mate ekayā yāty anāvṛttim anyayāvartate punaḥ
“These two paths — the bright and the dark — are considered the world’s eternal paths. By the first, one goes to return no more; by the second, one returns again.”
8:27 naite sṛtī pārtha jānan yogī muhyati kaścana tasmāt sarveṣu kāleṣu yoga-yukto bhavārjuna
“O Arjuna, no yogi who knows these two paths is ever deluded. Therefore, at all times, be steadfast in Yoga.”
8:28 vedeṣu yajñeṣu tapaḥsu caiva dāneṣu yat puṇya-phalaṁ pradiṣṭam atyeti tat sarvam idaṁ viditvā yogī paraṁ sthānam upaiti cādyam
“The yogi who understands this transcends all the rewards gained from the study of the Vedas, sacrifices, austerities, and charities. Such a person reaches the Supreme, Primeval Abode.”
Thus ends the Eighth Conversation of the Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 8.
Closing Prayer: “Oṁ Sarveṣāṁ Svastir Bhavatu, Sarveṣāṁ Śāntir Bhavatu, Sarveṣāṁ Pūrṇam Bhavatu, Sarveṣāṁ Maṅgalaṁ Bhavatu”
Translation by: Anand Krishna
Source: bhagavadgita.or.id
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